Topic > Alan Turing's Perspective on Artificial Intelligence

“Can machines think?” This is the question that Alan Turing tries to discuss in his article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Since defining “machine” and “think” would be an arduous and probably unproductive process, he designs a simple game that he calls an “imitation game” and then adapts this game into something, now commonly called a “Turing test,” that he believes can be used to evaluate a machine's ability to think. I will describe and evaluate this test in relation to its ability to answer, or more specifically replace, the question "can machines think?", objections to the test's validity, as well as my opinion of the Turing Test. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Turing originally started with the idea of ​​a simple imitation game in which there are three participants: the interrogator, a man, and a woman. It is the job of the interrogator, who can be of either sex, to guess which one is the woman, the woman's job is to make the questioner believe that she is the one. woman, and finally the man's task is to deceive the questioner into believing that he is the woman. Both the man and the woman can lie, and measures are taken to prevent the interrogator from receiving audio or visual signals, such as transferring all messages through a computer or typewriter. Subsequently, Turing evolves this game by replacing one of the participants with a machine and changing the interrogator's goal to guess which participant is the machine. This evolution eventually becomes the “Turing test”. Turing states that if a questioner fails to accurately pass this test, successfully choosing which participant is human, then the machine has demonstrated its ability to “think.” Turing believes that this test is a much better way to discuss the ability of machines to think, since the original question "Can machines think?" it would require defining “machine” and “think” in such a way that the vast majority of people agree on how the words are “commonly used.” This would require extensive “statistical investigation” and would likely result in a question “too meaningless to merit discussion,” hence the idea of ​​using his test as a replacement. If we agree on the need for the replacement test, then it must determine the validity of this test. One objection, which Turing calls "The Argument from Consciousness," refers to a machine's ability, or inability, to derive answers, sentences, and sayings from emotions. The argument, presented in “Professor Jefferson's Lister Orientation for 1949” states that “'no mechanism could feel' (...) 'pleasure at its success, pain when its valves fuse, be warmed by flattery'” etc. This suggests that the machine would have to have an emotional reason, or conscious choice, behind what it says in order to truly think about its responses. However, Turing argues that this would mean that the only way to prove that a machine thinks “is to be the machine and feel itself thinking”. Since this is, of course, impossible and applies to any possibly sentient thing, machine or otherwise, it is equally impossible to prove that a human being, other than itself, thinks. Therefore, this solipsistic point of view “makes the communication of ideas difficult” and “instead of continually arguing about this point”, one should simply assume that “everyone thinks”, or more specifically, everyone who seems to think, actually does so . Another objection, which Turing calls the “Lady Lovelace Objection,” holds that, unlike humans,?”