Essentially, choline is an indispensable nutrient for plants and animals. It is a vitamin as an essential nutrient and is soluble in water. It is not considered a vitamin or mineral. Refers to the class of quitrent ammonium salts containing the N, N, N trimetalammonium salts. Role of choline in animals: Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay Helps in nervous system, metabolic activities, DNA synthesis and nervous system. Choline helps produce fats and support the cellular structure of cell membranes. It helps in the transport of cholesterol from the liver and choline and other vitamins such as B12 help in DNA synthesis. Role of choline in drought and salinity stress: Glycine betaine (GB) and praline are two major organic osmolytes found in a range of plants that react to environmental stresses such as heavy metal reactions and UV reactions and under salinity and drought conditions and at severe temperatures such as very hot and cold temperatures. Although their defined roles in plants remain divisive, both compounds are thought to have positive properties on enzyme and membrane veracity, with adaptive roles in managing osmotic modification in plants grown under stressful conditions. Plant species diverge in their ability to produce GB and some plants, such as spinach and barley, accumulate moderately high levels of GB in their chloroplasts while others, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, do not produce this compound. (CMO) stands for Choline Monooxygenase and plays a catalytic role in the synthesis of glycine betaine. The gene (CMO) was introduced into cotton and has the ability to provide resistance to salt stress. According to the present study, the two transgenic Ah choline monooxygenases of cotton lines result in salt nudity both in the greenhouse and in the field under salinity conditions. On average, GBs are present in seedlings 131% more than in non-transgenic plants under normal salt stress conditions. As well as Ah choline monooxygenase from cotton which has the high tolerance of protecting the cell membrane of plants and the photosynthesis ability of transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Electrolyte loss and osmotic potential are lower in both transgenic and non-transgenic plants. Under field stress and salt conditions, seed yield of transgenic plants is lower than under normal conditions, but higher than non-transgenic plants. Role of choline at high temperatures: Plant productivity is limited by high temperature. Early experiments included that GB helps rescue some enzymes and proteins from destabilization and heat-induced. The increasing amount of GB can provide resistance to high temperatures. Transformed Arabidopsis joining the GB have tolerance during seed germination and imbibition, as well as during the growth of young seedlings. It can protect the plant from heat waves. Role of choline at low temperatures: GB supplied exogenously to plants can protect plants from stress during low temperatures. Arabidopsis resulting in the phrase COD can protect plants at low temperatures in various stages of development in genetic engineering. During germination and imbibition, the seeds of transgenic plants have the ability to tolerate plants at low temperatures. Biomass production by mature Arabidopsis plants was also improved at low temperatures, compared to controls. Role of choline in saline conditions: various studies on plant physiology and geneticists have confirmed that GB levels are linked to the degree of.