Index IntroductionPersonal InterestLiterature ReviewIntroductionConcussions can occur in many sports played by a wide range of people, but occur most commonly in sports that involve contact with players colliding with each other . Concussions can be very serious injuries as they can significantly affect the brain and this can result in players being unable to play the contact sport again if there is severe permanent damage to the person's brain and the research also goes on to examine the necessary preventions, effects such as short-term and long-term effects and learn more about what concussion is. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay The central question of this research assignment is “What are the effects and prevention of concussion?” Research Assignment Objectives To determine more about concussion and find out more about the cause of a concussion. Determine what the effects of concussion are on people who play contact sports or sports that can cause a concussion. Determine What the Short- and Long-Term Effects Are The effects of a concussion or head injury can occur on a teenager. Determine what necessary precautions can be taken for head injuries. Personal interest Being someone who plays a lot of sports and has already played contact sports as a young person and also watching a lot of contact sports on television or watching them live I have seen many sports players suffer head injuries on the sports field and they range from very minor head injuries to very serious head injuries, so I am very interested in learning more about the effects, dangers, and preventions for these head injuries.Literature ReviewThe word concussion is a Latin word meaning a violent shaking or jolting of the brain, caused by a blow or fall, which usually causes a loss of consciousness which can also cause memory loss. Concussions can occur in many sports played by different people, but they most commonly occur in sports that involve contact between players colliding with each other. Concussions can be very serious as they can significantly affect the brain and this can result in players being unable to play the contact sport again if there is severe permanent damage to the person's brain. Jon Patricios (2015) defines concussion as a “traumatic brain injury resulting from a direct or indirect blow to the head that causes alterations in brain function.” Patricios (2015) explains that concussion is a complex pathophysiological process that affects the person in different ways, physically, emotionally and cognitively, and can also cause sleep disturbances. Patricios (2015) states that when the evaluation of a player who has suffered a concussion involves reporting subjective symptoms that include physical, cognitive, and neurological tests, the player's physiological signs are also further examined and more objective measurements are then made by looking neurological and cognitive function parameters. Patricios (2015) tells us that rugby is a collision sport where players are involved in a lot of contact on the rugby field where players are involved in head collisions and this is often caused by tackling. Patricios (2015) describes rugby as a continuous, multiple-impact, helmetless sport in which players collide with each other while wearing protective clothing.limited protective gear to help prevent harmful collisions. Melinda Kelly (2000) discusses in her article, when is it safe for a player who has suffered a concussion to return to play, she says that these are difficult judgments that sports doctors and athletic trainers have to make and if they make an incorrect judgment this can lead to a permanent change in the player's cognitive status or could even lead to a serious and life-threatening secondary injury. According to the International Conference on Concussion in Sports, which took place in Vienna (2001), Prague (2004), Zurich (2008), when a player suffers a concussion; a qualified healthcare professional must evaluate the player before returning to play. They say the player can return to play after he is said to be completely free of all symptoms and will remain clear during and after a physical test is performed. But even after symptoms disappear, the brain's recovery may not be completely complete, and they said neurocognitive testing can help determine how the brain is working, and by comparing this test to a baseline test, it will allow an assessment to be made in so that future risk can be avoided. John W. Powell (2001) talks to us about concussion prevention and says that it has become the job of injury prevention teams to work on ways to limit the number of injuries in sports and he said, “Using regulatory controls, educating participants, designing specialized protective products, and monitoring injury frequency patterns through ongoing surveillance programs,” and this will help prevent the amount of concussions that could occur among athletes, but first the program must focus on the rules and regulations of games because sport does not necessarily have to comply with injury prevention standards.Dr. Jon Pateicios (2005) states that there is no concrete evidence that headgear and a mouth guard worn in rugby prevent concussions, but mouth guards have been tested and are said to play an important role in reducing the incidence of orofacial injuries and states which are highly recommended for rugby players. Patricios (2005) tells us about the “risk compensation” problem that players have and goes on to state that “inappropriate and more aggressive behavior changes on the rugby pitch as a result of a false sense of security when wearing rugby headgear” . and for this reason there is an increase in the accident rate. Patricios (2005) finally states that risk reduction is best achieved through good conditioning, correct tackling techniques and through constant updating of players on the laws of rugby. Melinda Kelley (2000) refers to a study conducted by Dr. Michael Collins on the effects that a concussion has on higher brain functions. Collins examined the effects of concussions on the neurophysiological performance of college football players from 1997 to 1999. Kelley (2000) states that Collins had access to the players' cognitive abilities and performed a series of standard physiological tests at the start of the season of the players and then players who received one or more concussions were tested again and these players showed decreased scores on cognitive tests. Kelley (2000) stated that Collins in his research made an even more frightening discovery, that players who suffer concussions who have learning disabilities prior to their concussions are affected more than those who do not suffer from learning disabilities . Collins went on to state that it is necessary to raise a.