It has also been found that women in skilled jobs are 1.5 times more likely to use contraceptives than non-employed women (70), and women children of all ages are less likely to have high-level jobs than unemployed women (70)(72). Goal 2 was to achieve universal primary education (88), and is therefore strongly related to the neo-Malthusian vision of women and development. One study showed that when women with primary education were compared to women with no primary education, women with primary education had 17% fewer children (67). Furthermore, primary education can enable further education and it has been shown that women's empowerment through education is inversely proportional to the number of children born (73). Educated women are more likely to use contraception, have greater influence on fertility choices, have lower fertility preferences, and engage in the motherhood space more than women with little or no education (67). It was found that women who had secondary or higher education have fewer children than women with no education