Developing countries such as Brazil and India are dividing into high-quality formal and informal areas characterized by insecurity and poverty. Due to urbanization in cities, there is a geographic concentration of high-income groups in some places and poverty and low-income groups in others. Due to the uneven geographic distribution of socioeconomic resources, health inequalities also persist, resulting in poor people having poorer health. Greater inequality is therefore related to the health of the poorer population. Gini Coefficient The Gini coefficient, a measure of wealth distribution, shows us the trend of inequality in Brazil in the years from 2001 to 2009. The Gini coefficient has fallen over the last six years and is comparatively very low in 2009. It has decreased the gap between rich and poor through the redistribution of income and the reduction of social inequality. The decrease in inequality has led to an improvement in the lives of low-income people and the working population has also increased, thanks to which most Brazilians have a better quality of life. To study inequality in India, the best way is to look at the Gini coefficient. In the graph above, the Gini dropped from 0.320 to 0.305 between 1982 and 1995. This shows that inequality was improving, but after the mid-1990s, during the reform period, it increased, showing a significant increase in inequality in India from 0.305 to 0.325. Income inequality has increased in rural and urban areas. Over the period, the Gini index measured that inequality was greater in India than in Brazil. Inequality in Brazil decreased while in India it recorded an increase after 1995. Gender and race discrimination are the main causes that led to income inequality in these countries. India has a caste system, which is… half the story… of poverty and inequality in Brazil. These programs have also helped reduce child labor and child malnutrition. As a result, Brazil overcame extreme poverty and helped achieve the first target of the Millennium Development Goals ten years earlier. Brazil has a high concentration of income in the top 20% quartile in the 1990s and 2000s. It is, however, the only country to show a decrease in income in the top quartile in the 2000s. 75 to 80% of income total is owned by the highest quartile. And in the 1990s, the bottom 20% had almost no income share, while India had some income share down to its lowest quantile. Inequality exists in India, but the middle quintile accounts for a significant share of total income. Rural urban migration, return to education, unemployment and deterioration of the labor market increase inequality and the gap between rich and poor.