Before automobiles, people traveled by carriages, horses, streetcars, and bicycles. These methods of transportation were not as effective as the automobile, so transportation over long distances was not entirely facilitated. This is why the innovation of the automobile was so important to the creation of suburbs and other areas of out-of-town living. Transportation was facilitated and citizens could finally afford to leave the dirty and crowded city and move from their quiet country homes, away from the chaos of people and disease. Since World War II, automobiles have completely reshaped cities and their nearby suburbs in dramatic ways (Chafe). The automotive industry, mainly due to automobiles, has not only replaced pre-existing rail service and much of the popularity of pedestrians, but this industry has also greatly influenced the growth of city center areas without any type of transportation service. In the past, before the invention of automobiles, railways directly connected urban centers with their suburbs and suburbs. In the past, city streets had generally followed the pattern of streetcars as had earlier transportation routes and streets, however, it was only a matter of time before cars exceeded the capacity of the old routes. A journalist from