Epic theatre, pioneered by Bertolt Brecht, was a theatrical form popular in the 20th century that used song ("musical insertions") as an important dramatic feature. Songs were not only used for entertainment purposes, but to present a theatrical experience uncontaminated by emotional judgement, evoking critical and objective opinions and thoughts in the audience. Brecht's use of song in Mother Courage and Her Children highlights the character of the independent, tenacious and persevering protagonist, Mother Courage, and draws attention to the recurring idea of historicization and capitulation in the life of an ordinary man in the context war historian. Brecht's simultaneous use of song as a commentary, alienating, and dramatic tool helps to successfully detach and simultaneously entertain his proletarian audience. This further provides a critical representation of reality and social "gestus". This essay will focus on how four important songs from the opera make this clear: the opening song, “The Song of the Fishwife and the Soldier,” “The Song of the Great Capitulation,” and the final song. Mother Courage is depicted as both a heroine and an antihero victim of the capitulation of the Thirty Years' War. In the opening song of Mother's Courage (scene 1); he enthusiastically presents his identity as a merchant, “here comes Mother Courage and her chariot” (Bertolt, 4), where the image of the chariot symbolizes his capitalist nature and actions; further highlighted in the 'Song of the Great Capitulation' – 'we hitch our chariot to a star' (Bertolt, 44). The metaphorical connection drawn between weapons, food and survival in 'but let's swim before they sink!... sabers and swords are hard to swallow' (Bertolt, 4), highlights...... half of the sheet.. .. ..set of social issues with particular attention to human behavior and conditions in the context of the Thirty Years' War, evoking the anger to act against such unjustified conflicts. Furthermore, Brecht's depiction of the conditions and actions evoked by the war context is applicable in today's world, for example, as capitalist and selfish policies continue the never-ending Kashmir conflict. Additionally, Brecht's use of singing may be related to "Burrakatha" – folk music performed in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, by small groups of playwrights who use solo drama, song and prayer to comment on social issues contemporary in different villages. Overall, Brecht's connection between war and the central core of humanity – motherhood – emphasizes the power held within societies to shape our personalities and of reactions, not emotions, to shape our opinions..
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