"Euthanasia is defined as a deliberate act undertaken by a person with the intention of ending the life of another person to alleviate that person's suffering and where the act is the cause of death." (Gupta, Bhatnagar and Mishra) Some call it a mercy killing. Euthanasia can be voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary. When the terminally ill patient agrees to end his life, it is called voluntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia occurs when the suffering person has never consented or requested to end a life. These patients are unable to decide because they are minors, comatose or have mental conditions. Involuntary euthanasia is conducted when it is against the will of the patient (Gupta, Bhatnagar, Mishra). Euthanasia can be passive or active. Passive euthanasia means that life-sustaining treatments are withheld and nothing is done to keep the patient alive. Active euthanasia occurs when a doctor does something by administering drugs or substances that end a patient's life. (Medical News Today) Our values, opinions and beliefs depend on the culture, religion and society we come from. Those against it see euthanasia as murder and believe that we must respect the value of life. Those in favor of euthanasia believe that performing this act eliminates the patient's pain and suffering. Furthermore, the right to die allows a person to die with dignity. Euthanasia can result in the death of a human being, but not all forms of murder are wrong nor are they considered murder. It depends on the underlying reasons and intentions. If a person's life is valued and the cause of death is for the good of the patient and not for personal interest, then euthanasia is permissible. Pain and suffering are one of the reasons people support euthanasia. “Painkiller treatment could or would even shorten life.” (32) However, it is justified if the purpose is to comfort and relieve pain. Providing an adequate amount of pain relief treatment is also a way to prolong life. It reduces the patient's discomfort psychologically and physically. (Somerville) Going beyond the patient's overdose limit will poison the body and hasten death. In this case it is unacceptable because the intention is to kill a person's life and not to console them. An interview by Lesley Martin is an example of euthanasia. Lesley is a professional nurse who moved to New Zealand to care for her mother Joy. She was diagnosed with bowel cancer. After surgery, several surgeries and other complications, his condition worsened and he was dying.
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