Stalin welcomed Marxism, a philosophy introduced by his predecessor, Vladimir Lenin. Even when Stalin reached the pinnacle of power, he honored Lenin as the father of the Soviet Communist Party (Frankel, 2000, 134-139). Hitler, however, had to put together his own philosophy. This led to the Nazi Party's disjointed belief system, based on a combination of violence, racism, and a distorted German Christianity; the only thing holding these things together was an acute form of anti-Semitism. Stalin and Hitler both proclaimed zeal for its morality and claimed that humanity would be saved if only they were followed throughout the world (Frankel, 2000, 134-139). Stalin and Hitler also agreed that society should be managed empirically, or by scientific methods. The Soviet Union implemented this empirical ideology by introducing the "five-year plans", consisting of agricultural reforms and the creation of gulags, a set of labor camps. Hitler adopted this idea and translated it into the "four-year plan". This plan led to a rapid restoration of the German army and the cold, orderly characteristics of the concentration camps. Stalin and Hitler attempted to justify their cruel programs by claiming that they were necessary for the advancement of science and technology (Frankel, 2000, 134-139). But as similar as Stalin and Hitler were in their actions, so were their political views