According to Levin, "This subduction created batholiths, compression structures, volcanism, and metamorphism that accompanied the Mesozoic and Cenozoic orogenies." Dense oceanic crust was subducting beneath continental crust more rapidly than it was being created on the spreading mid-ocean ridge. The oceanic crust was part of the Farallon plate, which has now almost completely disappeared because it was consumed by the North American plate (Levin). Once the Farallon plate disappeared, this brought the North American plate into direct contact with the Pacific plate. Initially the Pacific plate was moving north, so when it first came into contact with the North American plate it did not subduct, but they rubbed against each other. This formed the San Andreas Fault