A single discovery can change the world as has been proven many times in history. Communication plays an important role in the life of human beings. Fiber optics has modernized the way the world communicates. Fiber optics are a combination of light and glass, made of a glass thread thinner than a human hair. This amazing medium allows us to transmit data, voice and video at the speed of light. Researchers working for the American glass manufacturer Corning Incorporated invented the first low-loss optical fiber with a crucial attenuation limit of 20 db/km for use in the telecommunications network. Signal loss of 17 decibels of light per kilometer of fiber has been demonstrated. After 40 years of continuous product and process innovation they have helped Corning achieve signal loss of 0.17 db/km. This has led to a more advanced and faster telecommunications network to connect cities and continents. [A] In today's world, fiber optics is a vital technology for the rapid and consistent delivery of services. Electronic devices such as smartphones, GPS, HD TVs and many others can directly and continuously connect us to communication networks without any problem. FIBER OPTICS BEFORE COPPER Fiber optic technology uses pulses of light to carry information along incredibly thin glass strands. Fiber optic has higher bandwidth as it can transfer huge amounts of data at once than copper. For example, a LAN using traditional copper cables can carry 3000 telephone calls at a time, while if we use fiber optics it can carry over 31000 calls. Copper cables transmit electrical currents, while fiber optics transmit pulses of light produced by an LED or laser along the optical fibers. The information is encoded by sensing the energy changes in the bo...... middle of paper......um bandwidth of 600MHz over 100m while the Graded Index cable can offer us 1000Mhz over 100m. Different countries have different Internet speeds. Internet access improves every year in the United States, but it still ranks 11th (according to Forbes.com) among other countries with fast Internet access. This is evaluated by taking into account factors such as upload and download speeds and the number of homes with Internet. So what makes the US slower than 10 other countries? There are few obstacles, but the main problem is the small-scale adaptation of fiber technology. It is extremely difficult to switch to fiber. For ISPs, investments in fiber optics are not a big concern, but to adopt fiber they also need to upgrade their equipment. Upgrading equipment such as processing units, routers to direct the signal to its destination, and many other devices would cost a fortune.