Topic > History of the Horn of Africa - 3388

'Until the lion learns to speak, hunting tales will always glorify the hunter.' The Horn of Africa, including the nations of Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea and Djibouti[1], extends over an area of ​​approximately 1,882,857 km2. Commercially the Horn's position, adjacent to the important Gulf of Aden waterway linking the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea to the Red Sea and subsequently to the Mediterranean Sea beyond, has meant that it has always been at the center of international trade . This fortuitous positioning between East and West has also meant that the nations of the Coastal Horn have enjoyed a unique and diverse interaction with many of the great historical empires. For example, Somalia had long been known to the pharaonic Egyptians as the “Lands of God”, the Land of Punt[2]. The 20th century was an extraordinary time for the African continent, as many African nations fought bitterly for their independence from the European colonial powers that had occupied them. Beginning with Kwame Nakruma's Ghana, once the wheels of liberation began to turn, the mid-20th century marked a time of jubilation and hope for the newly independent states and their still-occupied cousins. Section 1 Somalia: Partition 5-point starSomalia and the Colonial LegacyTo understand the origins of the Ogaden War, it is imperative to understand Somalia's unique culture, history, and social dynamics. The nation of Somalia as we know it today, like most African nations, is a relatively new entity. Somalia, in its current incarnation, is a product of British, Italian, French and Ethiopian colonialism throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Before the invasion of colonial powers, Somalia was an important center...... …claiming Ethiopian military hegemony in the region. With Somalia now in a position of strength, Ethiopia weakened by the internal turmoil of the revolution, as well as the provocation of other ethnic minorities by the WSLF, it is safe to say that by this point the "war clouds were gathering ". Above all, it was Ethiopia's heterogeneous nature, both in ethnic composition and class structure, that meant that the central government, regardless of whether it was imperial or socialist, would always struggle to unify and effectively govern such a diverse population. Second, it was not the mere existence of a diverse nation that made Ethiopia difficult to govern, but the aggrieved nature of the ethnic groups. This complaint stemmed from the colonial and feudal legacy of the Ethiopian empire, which held much of the territory in the north and west of the nation against their will..