Bipolar affective disorder can be traced throughout history. The early history of mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, was shrouded in a cloud of fear, ignorance, and misunderstanding. Both melancholy, the oldest term used for depression, and mania have their origins in Ancient Greek. Melancholy emerges from the Greek words 'melas' which symbolizes black and 'chole' which means bile as Hippocrates, the father of medicine himself, thought that depression emerged from a surplus of black bile. Mania comes from “menos” for life force and “mainesthai” – the term used to describe anger and madness. Aretaeus of Cappadocia, an illustrated Greek physician of the turn of the century, examined and analyzed the relationship between mania and melancholy in the evolution of bipolar disorder. In his work "On the etiology and symptomatology of chronic diseases" he indicated that both mood patterns are a consequence of a similar disorder. This connection, however, was not noticed until much later. In 1621, an English clergyman and scholar named Robert Burton published a book – The Anatomy of Melancholy containing a review of depression, its causes, symptoms and treatments. Based on the views of Hippocrates, Burton believed that melancholy was caused by an excess of black bile, among other theories. He also listed poor nutrition, fear, supernatural causes, old age and temperament as probable causes. The point to be learned from Burton's work is that melancholia was described as a mental illness in its own right. Théophile Bonet, a Swiss doctor in 1686 became one of the first to link mania and depression as "maniaco-melancolicus". Falret and Baillarger, two eminent French doctors, studied and described the symptoms and the loss and separation of the primary object of his life: his mother, even if only temporarily. Feelings of sadness and depression persist, and the child learns to tolerate these feelings or deal with them through manic defenses. Klein saw the depressive position as the main point of manic-depressive states and introduced the alliance between the depressive position and manic-depressive states. In the 1970s Brumback, Weinberg et al. Adult criteria derived and adapted to juvenile cases for diagnosing mania and depression in children, which provided a basis of criteria for bipolar disorder to be published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) III in 1980. However since the 1980s , it has been argued that adult criteria can be used to diagnose children, taking into account differences in age and the child's developmental stage.