Native American identities, through sovereignty, have been beneficial to people, while at the same time inflicting lasting negative effects through treaties. This segment shows how Native American sovereignty underwent changes, destruction at the hands of white outsiders, and finally recreation. In Indian Pride: Treaty and Sovereignty, John Echohawkk defines Native American sovereignty as: “making your own decisions, claiming your own land, and conducting government-to-government relationships with other governments.” Today, Native American tribes are granted sovereignty and their treaties with the United States are respected. This was not the case during the Civil War. This sentiment is represented in Fools Crow, when Fools Crow states, “He promised us that we would be treated fairly and be compensated for the lands we gave up. He promised us rations. But so far the Pikuni see nothing” (158). I believe this example also relates to Smith's statement that “a number of social interventions have proven remarkably ineffective in dealing with communities” (231). Although social interventions have been ineffective in the past, I was thrilled to discover that there are currently three levels of government “federal, state and tribal” (Indian Pride: