A motor vehicle accident (MVA) is any accident that occurs on a road between one or more motor vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, scooters, trucks, buses, or pedestrians on roads public (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1998). Motor vehicle accidents represent a major health problem in Australia, being a major cause of mortality and injury (Donovan, Fielder, Ouschan, & Ewing, 2011). Although the number of accidents has significantly decreased over the years, MVAs are still a major problem in today's society (Ramage-Morin, 2008). The death and injury rates of MVAs depend on the geographic region, with different states having different rates of MVAs. Furthermore, MVAs have a greater impact on the individual, with a high percentage developing acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following the incident (Harvey, 1998). They also impact the economy and therefore society, with the cost of MVAs being approximately seventeen billion dollars per year in 2003 (Connelly & Supangan, 2006). Risk factors for MVAs are determined by driver behavior, such as speed and alcohol/drugs. Social factors also contribute, including age and gender. The final contributing risk factors are environmental, which include time and place. Age is a major risk factor for MVAs, so strategies have been implemented to control it and reduce the risk of age-associated accidents. Firstly, the scale of MVAs in Australia has been significantly reduced, with the number of incidents declining year on year. However, that doesn't make the issue insignificant, as it is still a big deal. They are the second leading cause of mortality due to external harm (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,...... middle of document......Public Health. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-270Harvey, AC a. B., Richard A. (1998). Relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective evaluation of motor vehicle accident survivors. 512.Hatfield, J., Fernandes, R., Faunce, G., & Job, R.F.S. (2008 An implicit non-self-report measure of attitudes towards speed: Development and crash validation, 40(2), 616 -627. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.020Ramage-Morin, PL (2008). Motor vehicle accident deaths, 1979 to 2004. Health Reports, 19(3), 45. -51.Viallon, V., & Laumon, B. (2013). Fractions of fatal accidents attributable to speeding: evolution for the period 2001-2010 in France, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 52(0) , 250-256 : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.024
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