• Water Content: The lower the moisture in the soil, the higher the soil suction, the soil suction will maintain its maximum value when the soil is devoid of moisture (dry). • Soil plasticity index: Soil suction will be greater in soil that has a higher plasticity index than in soil with a lower plasticity index. • History of drying and wetting: Soil suction is lower during the wetting period than during the drying period. • Soil structure: the size of the interstices in a soil depends on the structure of the soil, a change in the formation would lead to a change in the size of the interstices and therefore a change in the suction of the soil. • Temperature: changes in temperature can change the suction of the soil, increasing the temperature would decrease the tension of the soil and lead to a decrease in the suction and, similarly, a decrease in temperature would cause an increase in the