Historically, Israel and Palestine did not exist as a political entity at the end of the 19th century. The land that would later host the Arab-Israeli conflict was once governed by the Ottoman Empire as the Beirut Vilayet and Jerusalem District. The native population was mainly composed of Palestinian Arabs who were adherents of Islam, Christianity and Judaism. Arab society was cohesive and stable under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. When the Young Turk Revolution broke out in 1908, it inspired some Arabs in the region to seek autonomy and independence from the Ottoman Empire. This was the beginning of Arab nationalism, which the British Empire manipulated to its advantage at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. In the same period, European Jews showed a desire to establish their own homeland in Palestine, especially after having suffered discrimination , displacement, segregation and systematic killing. As a result, a movement called “The Love of Zion” was founded in the late 19th century. Its main objective was to assist the Jews in their settlement in Palestine. Indeed, the movement succeeded in its goal, leading to the creation of several Jewish settlements near the Galilee and Jaffa. It is worth noting that these early settlements resembled the Zionist ideology of Jewish return to the land of their ancestors in modern times. Fraser stated that “the Zionist movement spent the next decade [1904 to 1914] expanding its base among diaspora Jews and building new settlements in Palestine” (2008, 6). Between the Arab inspiration for independence and the Jewish desire for a homeland in Palestine, the roots of the Arab-Israeli conflict were planted. In World War I, the Ottoman Empire sided with... middle of paper.... .. Palestinians and Israelis is very difficult to resolve because it becomes more and more tied to interstate conflicts, natural resources, balance of power and the political influence of the region. Works Cited Amirahmadi, Hooshang, ed. 1992. The United States and the Middle East: A Search for New Perspectives. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Baumel, Judith Tydor. 2001. The Holocaust Encyclopedia. New Haven: Yale University Press.Fraser, T. G. 2008. The Arab-Israeli Conflict, third edition (Contemporary History Studies). 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Manning, Martin J. and Clarence R. Wyatt, eds. 2010. Encyclopedia of Media and Propaganda in Wartime America [2 volumes]. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.Rydelnik, Michael. 2007. Understanding the Arab-Israeli Conflict: What the Headlines Haven't Told You. Revised ed. Chicago: Moody Publishers.