1.1 GeneralConstruction labor productivity has become a big problem in the construction industry. In many countries, labor costs represent 30 to 50% of the overall project cost (Yates and Guhathakurta, 1993), and are therefore considered a true reflection of economic success. Since construction is a labor-intensive industry, the importance of this effect not only justifies concern about labor productivity, but it can also be argued that labor is the only productive resource. There are many challenges facing the construction industry in India, but one of the most important challenges is labor productivity in the construction sector. Every project has some construction challenges in terms of material, money, tools and local contractor construction costs. Productivity is not equivalent to performance. Many workers work hard but have low productivity due to ineffective methods. Productivity can be high, however, with low performance, due to automatic machinery, which paces the work. 1.2 Motivation Productivity is the key to the survival and growth of any organization, industry or nation. A well-known construction company like L&T has reported productivity issues. Some factors limit the achievement of set design objectives in the building and construction sector and are responsible for the consistently reported decline in productivity and performance. Resulting in time and cost overruns. Most papers focus on factors that influence productivity. They all discuss the most important factor influencing labor productivity. Less stress is placed on changing the methodology of construction practices. In-depth observations are needed to identify flaws in ongoing practices and correct them. Furthermore, by...... half of the document ... aims to establish the time taken by a qualified worker to perform a specific job at a defined performance level. "a) Steps or procedures involved in time studyThe detailed procedure for conducting time study is shown in Fig 1.3. Fig 1.3: Flow chart of time study procedureb) Allowance The normal time taken by the manpower to carry out any operation does not contain any allowance. It is impossible to work all day from morning to evening, even if the most practicable and effective method has been developed. The work will require the expenditure of human efforts and therefore it is necessary to give a certain allowance for recovery from fatigue and for relaxation. Allowances must also be granted to enable the worker to satisfy his personal needs. The following are the main types of allowances: • Relaxation allowances • Interference allowances • Contingency allowances..