One of the biggest challenges in today's world is the issue of Islamophobia. In recent years this phenomenon has grown rapidly and has become a major cause of concern for the Muslim world. As a result, Muslims are stereotyped, profiled and subjected to various forms of discriminatory treatment. The most important symbols of Islam are desecrated with abusive, offensive and contemptuous determination to incite hatred and unrest in society against Islam and its followers. Even though Islam preaches peace and tolerance while rejecting all forms of extremism and terrorism, supporters of Islamophobia continue their campaign by defaming Islam and Muslims in both the West and the Middle East (terrorists). Why is anti-Muslim hostility seen as natural or normal? Why is hostility towards Islam used to justify discriminatory practices against Muslims and the exclusion of Muslims from mainstream society? I hypothesize that Islamophobia is primarily the effect of negative socialization, which includes the perception of negative attitudes toward Islam and Muslims that stem in part from...