Introduction In this article I will try to explain some of the differences and similarities that occur in both human and chimpanzee cultures regarding infanticide. I will first explain some of the reasons why chimpanzees practice infanticide and share some examples. Then I will do the same for human cultures that may not be as important as we think, but are still happening. Finally, I will compare the similarities and differences between the two, and show how chimpanzees and humans may not be all that different in this regard. Chimpanzee Infanticide Chimpanzees respond to infanticide in ways that may seem surprising to us. In fact, they often oppose it, but there are different hypotheses about it, as they share their disapproval. For example, it has been noted that in times when food or other resources are scarce, parents may actually commit infanticide to reduce the burden of trying to provide more food, according to Lund, “to the least productive members of society” (Lund 1985: 2). Infanticide is generally much more hidden in our society and actually occurs in hospitals, particularly in neonatal units (Lund 1985: 3). Infanticide occurs here when parents and doctors decide to cut off care and/or food supplies to young children to cause their death when they believe they would not have a fulfilling life due to a mental disorder or serious illness, such as spina bifida (Lund 1985: 3-5). Several years ago, a case of infanticide occurred that attracted media attention. The case involved Baby Doe who suffered from Down syndrome and an esophageal problem that required surgery to be able to eat, this is a fairly routine surgery common with children with Down syndrome (Lund 1985: 21 ). The parents decided not to undergo surgery and not to feed the child through a tube, thus causing his death from starvation (Lund 1985: 21). Lund also argues that "the most common cases of infanticide involve the phenomenon of premature and low-weight babies," for whom parents and doctors choose not to treat. Many people would like to believe that we are far superior to chimpanzees, but based on these cases we know they are very similar to each other. When people discuss chimpanzee infanticide, they often think of them as primitive or incredibly violent, but when they hear about human individuals committing infanticide, they blame different cultures and claim that they are better than that culture. No matter what they believe, infanticide is something that happens all over the world, both among human populations and other primates