Organizational CultureCulture is something that includes all of us. It helps us understand how things are created, recognized, developed and managed. In this context, culture helps define and understand an organization and how it functions and manages. Organizational culture is a system of shared values derived over time that guides members as they solve problems, adapt to the external environment, and manage relationships (Schein in Wooten and Crane 2003, vol. 21(6), p.276) . Organizational culture is about how things are done subtly, without people watching, so that the organization runs smoothly. Organizational culture is necessary for the company to run smoothly and efficiently. It shows structural stability of the organization, modeling and integration (Schein 1997). The culture of the organization also determines the type of leadership. There are different types of culture. Three types of culture are constructive or positive culture, passive or defensive culture and aggressive or defensive culture (Cooke and Lafferty in Sullivan, Decker, Jamerson, 2001). Constructive or positive culture involves self-realization, humanism, affiliation and success of the organization's staff, passive or defensive culture is where the focus is on approval, dependence, convention and avoidance of staff and aggressive/defensive where there is competition, perfectionism, power and opposition of staff (Cooke and Lafferty in Sullivan, Decker, Jamerson, 2001). There are three levels that make up an organizational culture. There are level 1, level 2 and level 3 in an organizational culture. Level 1 involves shared underlying assumptions and core values of a group. These parts are stable and immutable (Neuhauser, Bender, and Stromberg 2000 p...... middle of paper ......s (Schein 1997) also play a role in creating culture. Rules help authority to dealing with one's peers Rules pave the way for different levels of management to relate to each other. They cover how staff should treat each other, communicate with each other and deal with the environment in the organization management helps to create culture in a business environment organization. Assignment of rewards and punishments helps to create an organizational culture. Rewards and punishments are assigned based on the performance of employees in the organization. Assignment can also be done based on number of years of employment, the education level of the staff and the performance of the department The employee belongs rather than the individual performance of the employee. By distributing rewards and punishments based on various factors, culture is created in an organization.
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