In the selection The Last Department by Katia D. Ulysse, it is evident that although Foufoune is confident that Gwo Manman will live a happy life in the United States, the opposite is true. Gwo Manman dies in this so-called “land of the free” where Foufoune brings her. “Foufoune had kidnapped her from her home and forced her to live in the worst kind of exile” (224). While many dream of living in the United States, nicknamed the “Land of the Free” or “Where Dreams Can Be Found,” this is not the case for Gwo Manman nor Foufoune. Gwo Manman is persistently brought to the United States via Foufoune and his sister, Miriam, never forgives her for this. Foufoune's tragic fate is in the hands of Miriam who decides to kill her in Haiti. “Her mother and sister had both returned home to her in Puits Blain. This time to stay” (241). The story of Ulysses demonstrates that there is disillusionment with American “freedom.” Most people see Haiti as a place not worth living in. However, Haiti would be the refuge that could keep both Gwo Manman and Foufoune alive. Sometimes, receiving unsolicited help has its consequences. Foufoune, who promises her a better life, takes Gwo Manman, who lives comfortably and happily in Haiti, to the Americas. However, Gwo Manman feels that Foufoune has kidnapped her from the place where she feels most comfortable and slowly deteriorates as she lives with Foufoune. Gwo Manman had a much happier life in Haiti, but his freedom – the long walks along the Route des Frères with friends, the taste of Barbancourt in his mouth, the pleasure of wild drum music, being shirtless under the midday sun – it was stolen from her. For Gwo Manman, America becomes his isolation. His problem...... middle of paper ......n Puits Blain.Works CitedAlexandre, Sandy. "Exiled." The Way of the Butterfly: Voices from the Haitian Diaspora. By Edwidge Danticat. New York: Soho, 2001. Print.Buss, Terry F., and Adam Gardner. Haiti in the balance: Why foreign aid has failed and what we can do about it. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2008. Print.Dreyfuss, Joel. "A cage of." The Way of the Butterfly: Voices from the Haitian Diaspora. By Edwidge. Danticat. New York: Soho, 2001. Print.Grespin, Whitney. “Aid and Relief in Haiti: Lessons Learned?” Journal of International PeaceOperations 6.6 (2011): 13-14. Academic Research Alumni Edition. Network. December 3, 2013.Mintz, Sidney W. “Can Haiti Change?” Council on Foreign Relations 74.1 (1995): 73-86. JSTOR. Network. 1 December 2013.Ulysse, Katia D. "The last department". Haiti Noir. By Edwidge Danticat. New York: Akashic, 2011. Page no. Press.
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