Crohn's disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that alters the gastrointestinal tract causing inflammation of the intestine that affects many Americans, with a number of diagnoses in constant increase. Braces, worn by millions of Americans, are a type of dental treatment designed to straighten and align teeth not only for a beautiful smile but for a healthy mouth and jaw. A common link between celiac disease and braces is the occasional flare-up of canker sores. Rubbing the appliance on the skin of the mouth can cause irritation, resulting in the formation of canker sores. Additionally, the appearance of oral lesions, or canker sores, is often a side effect indicative of Crohn's disease, as are other factors, such as stomach irritation. The aim of the research is to discover a potential link between the application of orthodontic appliances and the coincident tumors that form in order to find a common connection with the development of celiac disease. The hypothesis is that canker sores that develop due to braces are related to a shift in the oral microbiota, and this change is believed to contribute to the development of celiac disease. Experiment 1: Finding a connection between braces and canker sores by testing the microbiota using HOMIM. Building on objective 1 of the experiment, the goal is to find a connection between braces and canker sores by testing the microbiota. For this test, participants will have their oral microbiota profiled based on those with braces and those without braces, with a focus on canker sore formation. Each of the participants will take an oral exam before carrying out the experiment and again after its conclusion, to detect any differences that may occur with canker sores. This test will see... half of the paper... problems may arise due to the appliance. There are several types of orthodontic braces available today, such as traditional metal braces, ceramic braces, and removable braces, such as Invisalign. Due to the reliability of metal braces in all types of orthodontic treatment, traditional metal braces are more commonly used. However, there may be hope to develop orthodontic appliances coated with a different material, such as plastic, which may not alter the change in the microbiota as much, thus requiring further testing to determine the best and most accurate results. The goal of the study is not only to find a potential factor in the development of celiac disease, but also to see whether there is a possibility that the device affects the microbiota in such a way as to cause the formation of a disease. If this is the case, the hope is that new, safer devices can be developed to achieve the best outcomes for patients.
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