DescartesIn this essay I will explain Descartes' central method of doubt to investigate the truth of things, in which he wanted to be critical and generated four rules that he would use as a guide . With his method he suspends judgments and prejudices to obtain better results. Descartes argues that although syllogisms contain truth in logic, they still have something defective, which is predominantly the multiplicity of rules. These rules could lead to immorality and confusion, thus preventing him from gaining knowledge of things because they could lead to more doubts than truth. At the beginning of the creation of his method, Descartes seeks a method of reason that is free from the defects of logic, however, he still sought for his method to present some characteristics of the sciences - geometry, logic and algebra - obviously excluding their defects. Descartes' curiosity to find a method with which he could be certain of the truth of things led him not to think of a logic like that of Peter of Spain because he knew that his logic has some defects in its reasoning, especially the multiplicity of rules in logic. Descartes was really concerned about the diversity and large number of logical rules because this leads to confusion and immorality. He claims that having fewer laws or rules is more observable, meaning you can analyze those rules more precisely and carefully than if you had a large number of them. Descartes makes it clear that the defect of the multiplicity of rules and laws in logic must be analyzed. be avoided. He states that whatever is created by single effort is more perfect than that created by collective efforts. An analogy to this example, use, is God's rules which are so perfect because he has cre...... middle of paper ...... the way we use to prove that this argument cannot be invalid rather than trying to prove that it is valid is what Peter of Spain is referring to. This is actually a type of conversion like the previous examples, where we modify the terms in the premises. The process of reduction occurs in the moods of the figures. The letters, BCDF, and the consonants SPMC, are really the key concepts for reduction. An example of reduction can be with the work FAPESMO:Here, from figure 1:A= Every terrorist is a maleE = No policeman is a terroristO= Therefore, a certain male is not a policemanWe reduce to figure 2 with a simple conversion:A = Every male is a terrorist.E= No policeman is a terrorist.O= Therefore, a certain male is not a policeman.A reduction is a form of transforming a syllogism into another form of figure from the figure of the syllogism.