Angelone, DJ, Mitchell, D. & Pilafova, A. (2007) Club drug use and intentionality in the perceptions of rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 283-292. This exploratory study investigated the influence of GHB use versus alcohol and intentionality on observer feelings toward the victim and perpetrator in a male-female rape scenario. The sample for this study consisted of 198 undergraduate students from a northeastern college; the sample contained 130 females and was nearly 80% Caucasian. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 48, but the average was 19. Participants read one of four vignettes in which a college student had attended a party and ingested GHB or Everclear, a type of grain alcohol . In the various vignettes the female ingested the substance voluntarily or was "slipped" the drug by a male, the vignette continued when the female fell asleep and the male took her to his room and had sex with her, the victim attempted to resisted verbally but felt too numb to resist physically (Angelone, 2007, 286). The victim then reported the rape to the police in the morning; the perpetrator claimed the sex was consensual. After the vignette, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire asking about victim and perpetrator guilt, victim pleasure, victim trauma, perpetrator guilt, and the likelihood that the perpetrator of the crime is found guilty (Angelone, 2007, 286). Overall, respondents felt that the perpetrator was responsible for the crime, regardless of whether or not the victim chose to ingest the substance or not, and participants felt that the victim would be highly traumatized. Women were more likely to sympathize with the victim, being more likely to classify the situation as rape. Both males and females placed more blame on the victim when she had voluntarily ingested Everclear or GHB, they also placed less blame on the perpetrator in the same situation, incidents like this were less likely to be considered rape by outside observers in this study . Clum, G. A., Nishith, P., & Calhoun, K. S. (2002). A preliminary investigation of alcohol use during trauma and peritraumatic reactions in women victims of sexual violence. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(4), 321-328. This study examined the relationship between reports of alcohol use during a sexual assault and how the victim perceived the severity of the assault. This study examined 57 female undergraduate students from a southeastern university who had previously been sexually assaulted, 84% were Caucasian, and most had approximately 19.